Terms of Use

Last updated: 10 October 2026

These terms of use apply to eskander-gerges.com in all four of its languages: the guides, the tools, the forms and the WhatsApp, phone and email links on every page. The website is run by the office of Eskander Gerges, Chartered Accountant (محاسب قانوني) and tax expert, at Office 314, Al Azizia Mall, Sharm El Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. "We", "us" and "the office" mean that office. By using the website you accept these terms. If you do not accept them, please do not use it.

In short:

• The guides and tools give general information, dated to the day we last checked it. They are not legal or tax advice on your case.
• Reading the site, using a tool or messaging us does not make you our client. A signed engagement letter does.
• Estimates and tool results are indicative until we confirm them to you in writing.
• The texts, tables, tools and office photos on this site are ours. Quote them with a link; do not copy them wholesale.
• Egyptian law governs these terms.

How we handle the personal data you send through the site is explained separately in our privacy policy.

Who runs this website

The site belongs to the office of Eskander Gerges, Office 314, Al Azizia Mall, Ras Kennedy, Al Salam Road, Sharm El Sheikh. The office is open from 09:00 to 23:00 every day, Sharm El Sheikh time, and you can reach it on:

• WhatsApp: +20 10 3349 3011
• Phone: +20 12 8449 9230 or +20 10 3349 3011
• Email: info@eskander-gerges.com

Consultations are available in Arabic, English, Italian and Russian.

For some files we work with partner accounting offices and lawyers elsewhere in Egypt. These terms cover this website only. If any part of your file is handled in Cairo, your engagement letter says so.

General information, not legal or tax advice

Our guides explain Egyptian rules as they stood on the date shown on each page. Every rule carries an "as of" date, and each guide and service page shows, at its foot, when it was last reviewed. That is general information. It does not take account of your nationality, your documents, your activity, your turnover or where your premises are, and those are usually what decide the answer.

• Rules change quickly. Laws 148–153/2026 were published in the Official Gazette on 28 July 2026 and took effect the next day, changing the rules on tax cards, dividend tax, property disposals, bookkeeping and dispute settlement. Labour Law 14/2025 replaced Law 12/2003 from 1 September 2025. Check the "as of" date and the linked official source before you rely on any rule.
• The official text prevails. Where our summary and the official source differ, the official source is right, and we would like to hear about it.
• Practice can differ from the text, and practice in Sharm El Sheikh can differ from practice in Cairo. Where we know of a difference we say so; we cannot promise there is none.
• Legal points are an accountant's summary. Property, residency and Sinai topics raise legal questions as well as tax ones. Unless a page names the lawyer who reviewed it, read its legal points as our summary of the sources listed, not as a legal opinion.
• Get advice on your own case before you sign a contract, transfer money, buy or let property, or file anything with an authority, from us or from another qualified professional.

Tax and residency guides are re-checked at least every three months, other pages at least every six, and every page a new tax law touches is re-checked when that law appears in the Official Gazette. Our editorial policy explains which sources we use, how the review cycle works and how corrections are logged.

Sharm El Sheikh and South Sinai: an extra layer of rules

Much of what is written online about Egyptian company and property law assumes Cairo. South Sinai has its own layer of rules, and general information about it needs particular care.

• Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab and the Gulf of Aqaba tourism sector, within the maps attached to Presidential Decree 128/2022, have been governed by that decree since 1 April 2022. El Tor, Saint Catherine, Ras Sudr and North Sinai remain under Law 14/2012. The two regimes give different answers to the same ownership question.
• Whether a particular plot, villa or shop lies inside the Decree-128 areas depends on the decree's maps. No page on this site answers that for a specific address.
• In those areas, every ownership, allocation, usufruct or other real-estate dealing needs the prior approval of the Ministries of Defence and Interior and General Intelligence, for Egyptians and foreigners alike; without it the contract is void (Decree 128/2022, Art. 2). Nothing on this site replaces those approvals or a lawyer's review of your contract.
• We never state the usufruct term of a particular unit. The term depends on the contract and the approvals behind it.

No client relationship until an engagement letter

Reading the site, using a tool, sending a form, messaging us on WhatsApp or having a first call does not make you our client. It does not make us responsible for your file or your deadlines either.

We act for you once we have both agreed the work in writing. The engagement letter sets out:

• the scope of the work, and what falls outside it;
• our fees, and how and when they are paid;
• the documents we need from you;
• the expected timetable, as a range, because every authority works at its own pace;
• who does what, including any other professional involved, such as a lawyer or a translation office.

For the work it covers, the engagement letter prevails over these terms wherever the two differ. We may decline an enquiry, for example where we have a conflict of interest or the work is outside what we do.

Deadlines keep running. If your question involves a deadline, say so in your first message. Some are close: tax-dispute settlement requests under Law 152/2026 can be filed until 31 December 2026, and an appeal against a built-property tax assessment must be lodged within 60 days of notification. A message to us does not stop either clock, and we cannot take responsibility for a deadline before an engagement letter is in place.

First replies are general. We reply the same day during office hours, usually on WhatsApp, in Arabic, English, Italian or Russian. A first reply tells you where you stand in general terms. It is not advice to act on until we have seen your documents.

Do not send sensitive documents unasked. Please do not send passport copies, bank details or passwords through the website form or in a first message. Once we take on your file, we tell you which documents we need and how to send them.

Tools, estimates and figures

Our free tools are built on dated rules, and each result panel shows the date on which the rules behind it were last verified. Every result is indicative.

• The company setup cost estimator computes the main government incorporation fees from the formulas in GAFI's Investor Service Centre Guide 2026. Smaller official items, third-party costs such as translation, legalisation and electronic-signature certificates, and our own fees are not part of that figure; they are itemised in a written quote. Timelines appear as ranges, because security clearance, legalisation abroad, Sinai approvals and sector licences each move at their own pace.
• The tax-dispute settlement checker is built on the settlement window that Law 152/2026 keeps open until 31 December 2026. It tells you whether you may be able to file a request, not whether a committee will settle your dispute or on what terms. After the window closes, the page stays online as a dated explanation.
• Rates, thresholds and official fees on our pages are quoted from the dated source, in Egyptian pounds, or in US dollars where the rule itself is set in dollars. Any conversion into another currency is for orientation only, at the rate date shown next to it.

Nothing on this site is a quote for our services, a calculation of your tax or a promise about an outcome or a timeline. An estimate becomes binding only when we confirm it to you in writing, in a quote or an engagement letter.

You do not have to give contact details to see a tool result. If you ask for the itemised version, you send us the result code, which contains no personal data.

WhatsApp, forms and email

WhatsApp, email and map services are run by third parties under their own terms and privacy policies, which apply when you use them. A WhatsApp message started from a button on this site is prefilled with the page you came from and a reference code; it contains no personal data until you add some. Forms on this site go to the office, and the privacy policy explains what we keep, why and for how long.

Fraud notice. We never ask you to pay into a personal account. Every payment receives an official receipt. If someone contacts you in our name from a number or address not listed on this page, or asks you for money without an engagement letter, call us on +20 10 3349 3011 before you pay.

Using the website fairly

You may read, print and save pages for your own use or your business's internal use, and share links to them. You may not:

• copy whole guides, tables or tools onto another website, app or publication, or translate and republish them, without our written permission;
• extract content in bulk by automated means in a way that slows or burdens the site;
• send spam, false details or someone else's personal data through the forms;
• try to break, probe or overload the site, its forms or its tools;
• use our name, logo or photographs in a way that suggests we endorse you, or to pass yourself off as this office.

Search engines and AI assistants may index, quote and summarise our pages, with a link back to the page they quote.

Intellectual property

The texts, tables, tool logic, page design, logo and brand line ("Clarity today. Confidence tomorrow.") belong to the office of Eskander Gerges. The photographs of Office 314 are our own. Other photographs, such as views of Sharm El Sheikh, Dahab and the Red Sea, are licensed from their photographers through Unsplash and Pexels and remain subject to those licences, so please do not reuse them from this site.

You may quote short extracts, provided you keep the "as of" date, credit "Eskander Gerges, Chartered Accountant, Sharm El Sheikh" and link to the page you quote. Laws, decrees and official documents we cite are public texts, and their official versions are on the authorities' websites. Our summaries, tables and explanations of them are our own work.

Links to official and other websites

We link to official sources first: the Egyptian Tax Authority, the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones (GAFI), the Ministry of Tourism, the Chamber of Diving and Watersports (CDWS), the Ministry of Health and Population, the published texts of laws and decrees, and then commentary from international accounting and law firms. We do not control those sites. Their pages and PDF files move or change without notice, and a link from us is not an endorsement of anything on them beyond the fact we cite. If a link is broken, tell us and we will replace it.

Languages, availability and changes

The site is written natively in Arabic, English, Italian and Russian from the same verified facts, not translated line by line. The explanation can differ between versions; the rates, dates and deadlines do not. If two versions seem to disagree on a rule, the dated official source linked on the page is the reference, and we want to know about the difference.

Not every page is published in all four languages at the same time. The tax-dispute settlement checker, for example, is in Arabic and English only. A link to a page that is not yet live in your language appears as plain text.

We may update, move or withdraw pages and tools, or take the site offline for maintenance, without notice. When a time-limited rule ends, the pages that mention it are marked as closed rather than deleted, because readers still arrive from old links.

We may also change these terms. The date at the top shows the current version, and using the site after a change means you accept the new version.

Liability

We write carefully, cite our sources and correct mistakes openly, but we cannot guarantee that every page is complete and current on the day you read it. To the extent Egyptian law allows, we are not liable for loss arising from:

• acting on general information or a tool result without engaging us;
• errors, interruptions or delays on the website;
• the content or availability of websites we link to, or of WhatsApp, email and map services.

Nothing in these terms limits a liability that Egyptian law does not allow us to limit, and nothing here changes what an engagement letter says about the work it covers.

Governing law

These terms, and any dispute about this website, are governed by the laws of the Arab Republic of Egypt, and the competent Egyptian courts have jurisdiction. If any part of these terms is found to be invalid, the rest continues to apply.

Questions about these terms of use

Message us on WhatsApp at +20 10 3349 3011, email info@eskander-gerges.com or use the contact page. We reply the same day during office hours, 09:00–23:00 every day, in Arabic, English, Italian or Russian. If you have spotted an outdated fact on another page, send us the link and the source you are looking at, and we will check it against the official text.